Custody cases in Massachusetts: How do the Courts look at the difference between cooperative parenting and parallel parenting?

In high conflict cases, sometimes the expectations of cooperative co-parenting can be unrealistic, and sometimes Probate and Family Court judges frequently order what is called “Parallel Parenting Structures” that try to minimize the parents’ interaction. This is not ideal, but sometimes it can strictly define exchanges even at a police station or a supervised parenting center. Sometimes, limited direct communications, especially if there are allegations of domestic violence or restraining orders, are in place. The need to use a court order parenting app for all communication, and sometimes, extremely detailed scheduling provisions.